Snowstorms are becoming an unexpected reality in parts of the U.S. that haven’t seen significant snowfall in years—or even decades. From Texas to the Southeast, regions once unaccustomed to icy conditions are now grappling with cold snaps, snow-covered roads, and freezing temperatures. Even areas that usually see light snow are experiencing heavier and more frequent storms. If you’re in a place that’s suddenly facing winter weather, it’s essential to know how to stay safe and prepared.

Whether it’s your first snowstorm or you’re simply out of practice, this guide covers everything you need to handle snowy and icy conditions like a pro. From preparing your body, your car, and your home to understanding the dangers of black ice on roads and snow on your roof, here’s how to stay safe when winter weather strikes.

Snow & Your Body

How to Dress for Snow

Staying warm and dry in the snow isn’t just about comfort—it’s essential for your safety. Wearing the right clothing can prevent frostbite, hypothermia, and slips on icy ground. Here’s how to dress for winter weather, layer by layer.

Layers

• Base layer: Start with a moisture-wicking thermal shirt and leggings. Avoid cotton, as it traps moisture and dries slowly, leaving you cold.
• Insulating layer: Add a fleece jacket, wool sweater, or insulated vest to trap heat.
• Outer layer: Finish with a waterproof, windproof coat and snow pants to block wind and keep you dry.

Accessories to Keep You Warm

• Hats: Choose a snug-fitting hat that covers your ears.
• Gloves or mittens: Waterproof options are ideal. Mittens are warmer, but gloves offer more dexterity.
• Socks: Wool or synthetic socks keep feet warm and dry; avoid cotton.
• Scarves or neck gaiters: Protect your neck and lower face from windburn and cold.

Footwear for Snow

• Snow boots: Choose insulated, waterproof boots with rubber soles for traction.
• Ice cleats: Clip-on cleats can provide extra grip on slippery surfaces.
• Avoid smooth soles: Sneakers or dress shoes offer little traction and are unsuitable for snow.

Knowing the Signs of Hypothermia

Early Signs of Hypothermia

• Shivering: Your body’s natural response to generate heat, but persistent shivering is a warning sign.
• Cold, pale skin: Especially in areas not covered by clothing.
• Fatigue or drowsiness: Feeling unusually tired or sluggish is common in early stages.
• Numbness: Fingers, toes, ears, and nose are often affected first.

Advanced Signs of Hypothermia

• Confusion or memory loss: A person may act strangely, forget where they are, or struggle to make decisions.
• Slurred speech: Speech may become slow or mumbled.
• Clumsiness: Difficulty walking, poor coordination, or dropping items.
• No shivering: In severe cases, shivering may stop, signaling that the body is losing its ability to generate heat.
• Slow or weak pulse: As the body shuts down, circulation slows.

Who’s at Risk?

Some people are more vulnerable to hypothermia, including:

• Older adults: They may not feel the cold as intensely or be able to generate heat efficiently.
• Infants: Babies lose heat faster than adults and cannot shiver to stay warm.
• People with certain medical conditions: Diabetes, hypothyroidism, or heart disease can increase the risk.
• Those under the influence: Alcohol and drugs can impair judgment and reduce body temperature.

What to Do if You Suspect Hypothermia

If you or someone else is showing signs of hypothermia:

1. Call for help: Dial 911 immediately for severe symptoms.
2. Move to a warmer place: Get indoors or find shelter from wind and snow.
3. Remove wet clothing: Replace it with dry, warm layers, including blankets.
4. Warm the body gradually: Focus on the core (chest, neck, and head). Avoid using hot water or heat packs directly on the skin, which can cause shock.
5. Offer warm, non-alcoholic beverages: If the person is alert, a warm drink can help raise their temperature.

Snow & Your Home

What to Keep at Home

Snowstorms can cause power outages or leave you stuck indoors, so preparation is key:

• Flashlights and batteries: Avoid relying on candles, which can be a fire hazard.
• Non-perishable food and water: Keep at least a three-day supply per person.
• Portable heater or blankets: If the power goes out, you’ll need a way to stay warm.
• Rock salt or ice melt: Prevent icy steps and sidewalks.
• Battery-powered radio: Stay updated on weather conditions.
• Shovel: Clear snow from driveways and pathways to prevent accidents.

What to Know About Shoveling Snow

Shoveling might seem straightforward, but it’s a common cause of injuries during winter.

• Warm up first: Treat shoveling like exercise to avoid muscle strain.
• Use the right shovel: Choose a lightweight shovel with an ergonomic design.
• Lift with your legs: Avoid back injuries by bending your knees and not your back.
• Pace yourself: Take breaks to avoid overexertion.
• Push, don’t lift: Whenever possible, push the snow instead of lifting it.
• Watch for hidden hazards: Rocks or ice chunks can cause falls or injuries.

What You Need to Know About Snow and Your Roof

Snow might look beautiful on your roof, but too much of it can cause serious damage. Heavy snow, ice dams, and clogged gutters can lead to leaks, structural issues, or even roof collapse. Here’s how to protect your home.

Preventing Roof Problems

• Clear gutters: Make sure gutters and downspouts are debris-free to prevent ice buildup.
• Trim branches: Snow-covered branches can snap and damage your roof.
• Insulate your attic: Proper insulation helps prevent uneven roof temperatures that cause ice dams.

Removing Snow from Your Roof


Heavy snow can add stress to your roof, especially in areas not designed for winter weather.

• Use a roof rake: A long-handled roof rake lets you clear snow safely from the ground.
• Start at the edges: Remove snow from the lower edges of your roof first to reduce ice dam risks.
• Avoid climbing on the roof: Snow and ice make roofs slippery and dangerous; hire a professional if necessary.

Signs Your Roof Is Under Stress


Pay attention to warning signs that your roof may need immediate attention:

• Sagging ceilings
• Leaks or water stains
• Popping or creaking sounds
• Cracks in walls or roof supports
  

Ice Dams: A Hidden Hazard

Ice dams form when snow melts, refreezes, and creates blockages at the roof’s edge. Water can back up behind the ice, leaking into your home. Prevent them by ensuring proper insulation and clearing snow regularly.

By keeping your roof clear and well-maintained, you can protect your home from the costly damage snow can cause.

How to Prevent Pipes from Freezing

Frozen pipes can burst, causing significant water damage. Here’s how to protect them:

1. Insulate exposed pipes: Use foam pipe insulation, especially for pipes in unheated areas like basements or attics.
2. Let faucets drip: A small trickle of water keeps pressure from building in the pipes.
3. Open cabinet doors: Allow warm air to circulate around pipes under sinks.
4. Seal cracks and gaps: Check for drafts near pipes and use caulk or insulation to seal them.
5. Keep the heat on: Maintain a consistent temperature in your home, even if you’re away.

Snow & The Road

What to Keep in Your Vehicle

Winter weather can be unpredictable, and getting stuck in the snow or ice isn’t fun. Be prepared by stocking your car with these essentials:

• Ice scraper and snow brush: Clear your windshield and windows quickly.
• Blankets and warm clothing: Stay warm if you’re stranded.
• Flashlight and extra batteries: Essential for visibility at night.
• Non-perishable snacks and water: Keep energy up during long waits.
• Jumper cables: Batteries die more frequently in cold weather.
• Kitty litter or sand: Use for traction if your tires get stuck in the snow.
• First aid kit: Address minor injuries immediately.
• Portable phone charger: Keep your phone charged for emergencies.
• Flares or reflective triangles: Increase visibility if your car breaks down.

What is Black Ice and How to Recognize It?

Black ice is a thin, invisible layer of ice that forms on roads and sidewalks. It’s incredibly slippery and dangerous.

• Look for glossy surfaces: Black ice is almost transparent but gives the pavement a slightly wet or shiny appearance.
• Check the temperature: Black ice often forms when temperatures are near or just below freezing.
• Be cautious on bridges and shaded areas: These spots freeze first.
• Drive slowly: If you suspect black ice, avoid sudden movements with the steering wheel or brakes.

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Whether you’re a snow newbie or just brushing up on your winter knowledge, these tips will help you stay safe and prepared. Snow may come with its challenges, but with the right preparation, you can enjoy the beauty of winter without unnecessary stress.

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